LIST OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS AND THEIR USES PDF
Hi Aspirants,
Scientific instruments are part of laboratory equipment, but are considered more sophisticated and more specialized than other measuring instruments as scales, meter sticks, chronometers, thermometers or even power or waveform generators.
| Instruments | Usage |
| Altimeter | Measures altitude (Used In Aircraft ) |
| Ammeter | Measures strength of electric current |
| Anemometer | Measures force and velocity of Wind and directions. |
| Audiometer | Measures Intensity of Sound |
| Barograph | Continuous recording of atmospheric pressure |
| Barometer | Measures atmospheric pressure |
| Binoculars | To view distant objects |
| Bolometer | To measure heat Radiation |
| Callipers | Measures inner and outer diameter of bodies |
| Calorimeter | Measures quantities of heat |
| Cardiogram (ECG ) |
Traces movement of heat; recorded on a Cadiogram |
| Cathetometer | Determines heights, measurement of levels, etc. In scientific experiments |
| Chronometer | Determine longitude of a vessel at sea |
| Colorimeter | Compares Intensity of colours |
| Commutator | To change / reverse the direction of electric current. Also used to convert AC into DC |
| Cryometer | It is a type of thermometer used to measure very low temperatures usually close to 0 C |
| Cyclotron | A charged particle accelerator which can accelerate charged particles to high energies |
| Dilatometer | Measures changes in volume of substances |
| Dyanamo | Converts mechanical energy into electrical energy |
| Dynamometer | Measures electrical power |
| Electro Encephalo Grameg (EEG ) |
Measures and records electrical activity of brain |
| Electrometer | It measures very small but potential difference in electric currents |
| Electroscope | Detects presence of an electric charge |
| Electromicroscope | It is used to obtain a magnifying view of very small objects capable of magnifying up to 20,000 times |
| Endoscope | To examine internal parts of the body |
| Fathometer | Measures depth of the ocean |
| Fluxmeter | Measures magnetic flux |
| Galvanometer | Measures electric current |
| Hydrometer | Measures the relative density of liquids |
| Hygrometer | Measures level of humidity |
| Hydrophone | Measures sound under water |
| Hygroscope | Shows the changes in atmospheric humidity |
| Hypsometer | To determine boiling point of liquids |
| Wavemeter | To measure the wavelength of a radiowave |
| Wattmeter | To measure the power of electric current |
| Voltmeter | To measure electric power potential difference between two points |
| Viscometer | Measures the viscosity of liquids |
| Vemier | Measures small sub-division of scale |
| Venturimeter | To measure the rate of flow of liquids |
| Ultrosonoscope | To measure and use ultrasonic sound (beyond hearing ); use to make a ecogram to detect brain tumours, heart defects and abnormal growth |
| Udometer | Rain gauge |
| Transponder | It is used to receive a signal and transmit a reply immediately |
| Tonometer | To measure the pitch of a sound |
| Thermostat | It regulates the temperature at a particular point |
| Thermometer | It measures temperature |
| Telescope | To view distant objects in space |
| Teleprinter | Receives and sends typed messages from one place to another |
| Telemeter | Records physical happening at a distant place |
| Tangent Galvanometer | It measures the strength of direct current |
| Tacheometer | A theodolite adapted to measure, elevations and bearings during survey |
| Kymograph | Graphically records physiological movement (e.g., Blood Pressure / Heartbeat ) |
| Lactometer | Measures the relative density of milk |
| Machmeter | It determines the speed of an aircraft in terms of the speed of sound |
| Magnetometer | It is used to compare magnetic movements of magnets and fields. |
| Manometer | Measures the pressure of gases |
| Micrometer | It measures distances / angles. |
| Microphone | Converts sound waves into electrical vibrations |
| Microscope | To obtain a magnified view of small objects |
| Nephetometer | Measures the scattering of light by particles suspended in a liquid |
| Ohmmeter | To measure electrical resistance in ohms |
| Ondometer | Measures the frequency of electromagnetic waves, especially in the radio- frequency band. |
| Periscope | To view objects above sea level (used in submarines) |
| Photometer | Compares the luminous intensity of the source of light. |
| Polygraph | Instrument that simultaneously records changes in physiological processes such as heartbeat, blood-pressure and respiration; used as a lie detector. |
| Pyknometer | It determines the density and coefficient of expansion of liquids. |
| Pyrheliometer | Measures direct beam solar irradiance.Sunlight enters the instrument through a window and is directed onto a thermopile which converts heat to an electrical signal that can be recorded. |
| Pyrometer | Measure very high temperature. |
| Quadrant | Measures altitude and angles in navigation and astronomy. |
| Radar | It is used to detect the direction and ranges of an approaching aeroplane by means of radiowave, (Radio, Angle, Detection, and ranges ). |
| Radio Micrometer | Measures heat radiation |
| Refractometer | Measure refractive indices. |
| Salinometer | Determines the salinity of solutions |
| Sextant | It is used by navigators to find the latitude of a place by measuring the elevation above the horizon of the sun or another star; also used to measure the height of very distant objects. |
| Spectroscope | To observe or record spectra. |
| Spectrometer | Spectroscope equipped with calibrated scale to measure the position of spectral lines (Measurement of refractive indices ). |
| Spherometer | Measures curvature of spherical objects. |
| Sphygmometer | Measures Blood- Pressure |
| Stereoscope | To view two- dimensional pictures. |
| Stethoscope | It is used by doctors to hear and analyze heart and lung sounds. |
| Stroboscope | To view rapidly moving objects. |
| Tachometer | It is used to determine speed, especially the rotational speed of a shaft (used in aeroplane and motor- boats ). |
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